Camera Shots
Extreme Long Shot (ELS) - An ELS is an 'establishing shot', it could be the first shot of a new scene and they are designed to show the audience where the action is taking place by setting the scene.
Long Shot (LS) - This is a full body shot which shows the character in their environment. There is the same amount of setting at the top of the subject as there is at the bottom.
Mid Shot (MS) - This shows the character in more detail, it's from the waist upwards and can show the character speaking in a conversation but doesn't give away any emotion.
Medium Close Up (MCU) - This shows the face in more clearly and with a slight amount of detail to emotion, when the audience is watching this they don't feel uncomfortable as they are really close to the character.
Close Up (CU) - A close up view on a person is usually of the face to emphasize their emotional state. It can also be a key object in the film that is important to what is about to happen.
Extreme Close Up (ECU) - This shot gets right in and shows a facial feature or an object in extreme detail. It shows general reactions or emotions except in very dramatic scenes.
Cut Away (CA) - A 'cutaway' is usually something other than the current action, it is also a 'buffer' between shots (helps with editing) or to add interest/information.
Two Shot - Two people in the shot, shows relationships between two people. It is usually a mid shot with two people in it.
Over The Shoulder Shot - The person's shoulder we are looking over is usually 1/3 of the frame. This type of shot is common in conversations, alternating the view between the different speakers.
Noddy Shot - This is a shot of a person listening and/or reacting to the other speaker. A noddy shot is filmed afterwards and then put into the scene or interview in the editing process to make the scene flow better.
Point of View Shot - This shows the view or another character from the subjects perspective.
CompositionRule of Thirds - This is a 3x3 grid that has key points of the still in each points of interest which is where the lines cross.
The Golden Mean - This is a diagonal line going through the centre of the still. there are two points of interest with key aspects in along the line.
Framing
Framing means what you choose to include in the shot and what you leave out for the audience to see.
Camera MovementLow Angle Shot - Taken from below looking up toward a person or a tall building, shows size, power or authority.
High Angle Shot - Taken from above looking down on a subject, shows helplessness, lack of power or inferiority.
Pan - Swivells on a tripod following a subject or object, gives a sense of moving with action or speed.
Tracking Shot - Camera follows subject next to it on a dolly which gives a sense of speed.
Tilt - The camera pans up and down creating a sense of size to the person or object.
Canted/Dutch Angle Shot - Camera Angle not straight, on a diaganol, gives a sense of chaos or insanity.
Zoom in/out - The camera focuses, zooms in or out on a key detail.
Steadicam/Handheld - Camera moves around with the action, strapped to the camera man, gets more into the action as it can get closer.
Crane Shot - high angles, looking down on a subject. The crane can track, pan and/or tilt.
Aerial Shot - Camera is positioned on or in a helicopter to get and ELS high angles shot of a scene or setting.
Extreme Long Shot (ELS) - An ELS is an 'establishing shot', it could be the first shot of a new scene and they are designed to show the audience where the action is taking place by setting the scene.
Long Shot (LS) - This is a full body shot which shows the character in their environment. There is the same amount of setting at the top of the subject as there is at the bottom.
Mid Shot (MS) - This shows the character in more detail, it's from the waist upwards and can show the character speaking in a conversation but doesn't give away any emotion.
Medium Close Up (MCU) - This shows the face in more clearly and with a slight amount of detail to emotion, when the audience is watching this they don't feel uncomfortable as they are really close to the character.
Close Up (CU) - A close up view on a person is usually of the face to emphasize their emotional state. It can also be a key object in the film that is important to what is about to happen.
Extreme Close Up (ECU) - This shot gets right in and shows a facial feature or an object in extreme detail. It shows general reactions or emotions except in very dramatic scenes.
Cut Away (CA) - A 'cutaway' is usually something other than the current action, it is also a 'buffer' between shots (helps with editing) or to add interest/information.
Two Shot - Two people in the shot, shows relationships between two people. It is usually a mid shot with two people in it.
Over The Shoulder Shot - The person's shoulder we are looking over is usually 1/3 of the frame. This type of shot is common in conversations, alternating the view between the different speakers.
Noddy Shot - This is a shot of a person listening and/or reacting to the other speaker. A noddy shot is filmed afterwards and then put into the scene or interview in the editing process to make the scene flow better.
Point of View Shot - This shows the view or another character from the subjects perspective.
CompositionRule of Thirds - This is a 3x3 grid that has key points of the still in each points of interest which is where the lines cross.
The Golden Mean - This is a diagonal line going through the centre of the still. there are two points of interest with key aspects in along the line.
Framing
Framing means what you choose to include in the shot and what you leave out for the audience to see.
Camera MovementLow Angle Shot - Taken from below looking up toward a person or a tall building, shows size, power or authority.
High Angle Shot - Taken from above looking down on a subject, shows helplessness, lack of power or inferiority.
Pan - Swivells on a tripod following a subject or object, gives a sense of moving with action or speed.
Tracking Shot - Camera follows subject next to it on a dolly which gives a sense of speed.
Tilt - The camera pans up and down creating a sense of size to the person or object.
Canted/Dutch Angle Shot - Camera Angle not straight, on a diaganol, gives a sense of chaos or insanity.
Zoom in/out - The camera focuses, zooms in or out on a key detail.
Steadicam/Handheld - Camera moves around with the action, strapped to the camera man, gets more into the action as it can get closer.
Crane Shot - high angles, looking down on a subject. The crane can track, pan and/or tilt.
Aerial Shot - Camera is positioned on or in a helicopter to get and ELS high angles shot of a scene or setting.
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